ꯖꯣꯟ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ
ꯖꯣꯟ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ | |
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ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ ꯲꯰꯱꯶ | |
ꯄꯣꯛꯄ | ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯞ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ July 15, 1933 ꯆꯤꯀꯥꯒꯣ, ꯏꯂꯤꯅꯣꯏꯁ, ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯁ |
ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ | Swarthmore College (AB) Cornell University (PhD) |
ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯅꯈꯤꯕ | Hopfield network Modern Hopfield network Hopfield dielectric Polariton Kinetic proofreading |
ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯊꯨꯝ | ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Indented plainlist |
Scientific career | |
ꯍꯤꯔꯝ | Physics Molecular biology Complex systems Neuroscience |
ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯡ | Bell Labs Princeton University University of California, Berkeley California Institute of Technology |
Thesis | A quantum-mechanical theory of the contribution of excitons to the complex dielectric constant of crystals (1958) |
Doctoral advisor | Albert Overhauser |
Doctoral students | Steven Girvin Bertrand Halperin David J. C. MacKay José Onuchic Terry Sejnowski Erik Winfree |
ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ (ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯳ꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯱꯵ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯏꯃꯦꯔꯤꯇꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯲ꯗ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯌꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫
ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯴ꯗ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ, ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯇꯟꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ, ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯂꯔꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯇꯔ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯣꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯗꯤꯁꯤꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫
ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ
[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ
[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯳ꯗ ꯆꯤꯀꯥꯒꯣ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯐ ꯍꯣꯞꯄꯤꯜꯗ (ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯖꯥꯟ ꯖꯣꯖꯐ ꯆꯃꯤꯂꯦꯎꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯂꯦꯟ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ (ꯅꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯐ꯭ꯌ) ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫[꯱]
ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯴꯵ꯗ ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯔꯊꯃꯣꯔ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯃꯦꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯕꯦꯆꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯥꯔꯠ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯵꯸ꯗ ꯀꯣꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯐꯣꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯔꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ "ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯗꯤꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯠꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ-ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯍꯧꯁꯔꯅꯤ ꯫[꯲]
ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ
[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯗꯦꯋꯤꯗ ꯒꯤꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯊꯣꯃꯁ ꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞꯇ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯔꯣꯕꯔꯠ ꯖꯤ. ꯁꯨꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯤꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯕꯤꯚꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤꯇꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ, ꯕꯔꯀꯦꯂꯤ (ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯱꯹꯶꯱-꯱꯹꯶꯴ ′ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ (ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯱꯹꯶꯴-꯱꯹꯸꯰ ′ ′ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔ꯭ꯌꯥꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ (ꯀꯦꯜꯇꯦꯛ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯱꯹꯸꯰-꯱꯹꯹꯷ ′] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯇꯟꯗ (꯱꯹꯹꯷-′ ′′ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯋꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯦ. ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯑꯦꯝꯔꯤꯇꯁ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫[꯳]
ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯶ꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯤꯅꯁ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯤꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ ꯫[꯴]
ꯊꯕꯛ
[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]꯱꯹꯵꯸ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯁꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ: "ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ 'ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ' ꯑꯁꯤ 'ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ' ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯫" ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤꯑꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫[꯵]
- ↑ American Men of Science: A Biographical Directory. Science Press (1966).
- ↑ Cite ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ: Invalid
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- ↑ Office of Communications (October 8, 2024). Princeton's John Hopfield receives Nobel Prize in physics (in en).
- ↑ The Life and the Structure of Hemoglobin, American Institute of Physics (1976).
- ↑ Huttner, B.; Barnett, S. M. (1992). "Dispersion and Loss in a Hopfield Dielectric". Europhysics Letters (in ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ). 18 (6): 487. Bibcode:1992EL.....18..487H. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/18/6/003. ISSN 0295-5075. Archived from the original on October 8, 2024. Retrieved October 8, 2024.