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ꯖꯣꯟ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ

ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯗꯒꯤ
ꯖꯣꯟ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ
ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ ꯲꯰꯱꯶
ꯄꯣꯛꯄ
ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯞ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ

(1933-07-15) July 15, 1933 (age 91)
ꯃꯍꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡSwarthmore College (AB)
Cornell University (PhD)
ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯅꯈꯤꯕHopfield network
Modern Hopfield network
Hopfield dielectric
Polariton
Kinetic proofreading
ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯊꯨꯝꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Indented plainlist
Scientific career
ꯍꯤꯔꯝPhysics
Molecular biology
Complex systems
Neuroscience
ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯡBell Labs
Princeton University
University of California, Berkeley
California Institute of Technology
ThesisA quantum-mechanical theory of the contribution of excitons to the complex dielectric constant of crystals (1958)
Doctoral advisorAlbert Overhauser
Doctoral studentsSteven Girvin
Bertrand Halperin
David J. C. MacKay
José Onuchic
Terry Sejnowski
Erik Winfree

ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ (ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯳ꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯱꯵ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯏꯃꯦꯔꯤꯇꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯲ꯗ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯌꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯴ꯗ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ, ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯇꯟꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ, ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯂꯔꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯇꯔ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯣꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯗꯤꯁꯤꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫

ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ

[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]

ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯳ꯗ ꯆꯤꯀꯥꯒꯣ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯖꯣꯁꯐ ꯍꯣꯞꯄꯤꯜꯗ (ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯖꯥꯟ ꯖꯣꯖꯐ ꯆꯃꯤꯂꯦꯎꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯂꯦꯟ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜ (ꯅꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯐ꯭ꯌ) ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫[]

ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯴꯵ꯗ ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯔꯊꯃꯣꯔ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯃꯦꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯕꯦꯆꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯥꯔꯠ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯵꯸ꯗ ꯀꯣꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯐꯣꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯔꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ "ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯗꯤꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯠꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ-ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯍꯧꯁꯔꯅꯤ ꯫[]

ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯗꯦꯋꯤꯗ ꯒꯤꯜꯕꯔꯠ ꯊꯣꯃꯁ ꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞꯇ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯔꯣꯕꯔꯠ ꯖꯤ. ꯁꯨꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯤꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯕꯤꯚꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤꯇꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ, ꯕꯔꯀꯦꯂꯤ (ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯱꯹꯶꯱-꯱꯹꯶꯴ ′ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ (ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ, ꯱꯹꯶꯴-꯱꯹꯸꯰ ′ ′ ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯔ꯭ꯌꯥꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ (ꯀꯦꯜꯇꯦꯛ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯱꯹꯸꯰-꯱꯹꯹꯷ ′] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯇꯟꯗ (꯱꯹꯹꯷-′ ′′ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯋꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯦ. ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯑꯦꯝꯔꯤꯇꯁ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫[]

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯶ꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯤꯅꯁ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯤꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤ ꯫[]

꯱꯹꯵꯸ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯁꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ: "ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ 'ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ' ꯑꯁꯤ 'ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ' ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯫" ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯂꯔꯇꯤꯑꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯍꯣꯞꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫[]

  1. American Men of Science: A Biographical Directory. Science Press (1966).
  2. Cite ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named history.aip.org
  3. Office of Communications (October 8, 2024). Princeton's John Hopfield receives Nobel Prize in physics (in en).
  4. The Life and the Structure of Hemoglobin, American Institute of Physics (1976).
  5. Huttner, B.; Barnett, S. M. (1992). "Dispersion and Loss in a Hopfield Dielectric". Europhysics Letters (in ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ). 18 (6): 487. Bibcode:1992EL.....18..487H. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/18/6/003. ISSN 0295-5075. Archived from the original on October 8, 2024. Retrieved October 8, 2024.