ꯅꯣꯔꯣꯛ
ꯅꯣꯔꯣꯛ (ꯅꯔꯛ ꯂꯣꯛ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯙꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ, ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯩꯟ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯄꯀꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯥ, ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯔꯀꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯌꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯍꯥꯠ-ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯥꯌꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙꯤꯖꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯋꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯒꯗꯤ ꯅꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯖꯩꯟ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯂꯣꯚ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯥꯔꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯖꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯌꯥꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯔꯀꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯁꯨ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯠꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯗꯥ, ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ, ꯇꯤ.ꯚꯤ. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯅꯔꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫[꯱][꯲][꯳]
ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ
[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]- ↑ Phyllis Ghim-Lian Chew A Sociolinguistic History of Early Identities in Singapore: From Colonialism to Nationalism Palgrave Macmillan, 29 Nov 2012 ISBN 9781137012333 p. 195
- ↑ Garuḍa Purāṇa 2.10.88–89, 2.46.9–10,28
- ↑ Bhāgavata Purāṇa 5.26.37