ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁ

ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯟꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯢꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯝꯃꯤ, ꯴ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯵ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ, ꯅꯥꯠ, ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯥꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ “ꯁꯀꯨꯟꯇꯂꯥ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯀꯨꯟꯇꯂꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯥꯖꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯣꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ “ꯃꯦꯘꯗꯨꯇꯥ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ “ꯗꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯎꯗ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯟꯖꯔ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ, ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ, ꯎꯃꯪꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁꯅꯥ “ꯔꯘꯨꯕꯝꯁꯥ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯥꯖꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯠꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯞ-ꯃꯄꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔ ꯇꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯀꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯂꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ “ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯌꯔ” ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯖꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯌꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯀꯈꯉꯅꯔꯤ, ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯉꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯕꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯇꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯆꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯠꯌ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔ, ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯂꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯠꯌ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯃꯖꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯁꯨ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯂꯤꯇꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯃꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯕꯤ, ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯤꯕꯥ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯖꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ-ꯃꯄꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯧꯔꯒꯅꯤ꯫^[꯱]^[꯲]^[꯳]

ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

↑ Kālidāsa (1984). Miller, Barbara Stoler (ed.). The Plays of Kālidāsa: Theater of Memory. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-81-208-1681-7.
↑ Sethna, Kaikhushru Dhunjibhoy (2000). Problems of Ancient India. Aditya Prakashan. pp. 79–120. ISBN 978-81-7742-026-5.
↑ Venkatachalam, V. (1986). "Kalidasa Special Number (X), The Vikram". Bhāsa. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 130–140.

[1] Kālidāsa (1984). Miller, Barbara Stoler (ed.). The Plays of Kālidāsa: Theater of Memory. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-81-208-1681-7.

[2] Sethna, Kaikhushru Dhunjibhoy (2000). Problems of Ancient India. Aditya Prakashan. pp. 79–120. ISBN 978-81-7742-026-5.

[3] Venkatachalam, V. (1986). "Kalidasa Special Number (X), The Vikram". Bhāsa. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 130–140.

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