| Consonants |
|---|
| IPA | Examples |
| b |
buy, cab |
| d |
dye, cad, ladder[꯱] |
| dj |
dew[꯲] |
| dʒ |
jive, badge |
| ð |
thy, breathe, father |
| f |
find, leaf |
| ɡ |
guy, bag |
| h |
high, ahead |
| hw |
whine[꯳] |
| j[꯴] |
yes, hallelujah |
| k |
kind, sky, crack |
| l |
ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Not a typo[꯵] |
| lj |
lute[꯲] |
| m |
my, smile, cam |
| n |
nigh, snide, can |
| nj |
new[꯲] |
| ŋ |
sang, sink, singer |
| p |
ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Not a typo |
| r[꯶] |
rye, try, very |
| s |
sigh, mass |
| sj |
consume[꯲] |
| ʃ |
shy, cash, emotion |
| t |
ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:No wrap |
| tj |
tune[꯲] |
| tʃ |
China, catch |
| θ |
thigh, path |
| θj |
enthuse[꯲] |
| v |
ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Not a typo |
| w |
wine, swine |
| z |
zoo, has |
| zj |
Zeus, resume[꯲] |
| ʒ |
pleasure, beige[꯷] |
- ↑ In varieties with flapping, /t/ and sometimes also /d/ between a vowel and a weak or word-initial vowel may be pronounced with a voiced tap [ɾ], making latter sound similar or identical to ladder. Some dictionaries transcribe /t/ subject to this process as ⟨d⟩ or ⟨t̬⟩, but they are not distinguished in this transcription system. In those varieties, the sequence /nt/ in the same environment may also be realized as a nasalized tap [ɾ̃], making winter sound similar or identical to winner. This is also not distinguished in this system.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 In dialects with yod dropping, /j/ in /juː/, /ju/, or /jʊər/ is not pronounced after coronal consonants (/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /θ/, and /l/) in the same syllable, so that dew /djuː/ is pronounced the same as do /duː/. In dialects with yod coalescence, /tj/ and /dj/ mostly merge with /tʃ/ and /dʒ/, so that dew /djuː/ is pronounced the same as Jew /dʒuː/. In some dialects /sj/ and /zj/ are also affected and frequently merge with /ʃ/ and /ʒ/. Where /j/ in /juː/, /ju/, or /jʊər/ following a coronal is still pronounced in yod-dropping accents, place a syllable break before it: menu /ˈmɛn.juː/.
- ↑ The phoneme /hw/ is not distinguished from /w/ in the many dialects with the wine–whine merger, such as RP and most varieties of General American. For more information on this sound, see voiceless labialized velar approximant.
- ↑ The IPA value of the letter ⟨j⟩ may be counterintuitive to English speakers, but the spelling is found even in some common English words like hallelujah and fjord. Some dictionaries use ⟨y⟩ instead, although it represents a close front rounded vowel in official IPA.
- ↑ /l/ in the syllable coda, as in the words all, cold, or bottle, is pronounced as [o], [u], [w] or a similar sound in many dialects through L-vocalization.
- ↑ In most varieties of English, /r/ is pronounced as a voiced postalveolar approximant ⟨ɹ̠⟩. Although the IPA symbol ⟨r⟩ represents the alveolar trill, ⟨r⟩ is widely used instead of ⟨ɹ̠⟩ in broad transcriptions of English for convenience.
- ↑ A number of English words, such as genre and garage, may be pronounced with either /ʒ/ or /dʒ/.
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