ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ

"ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ" (महाभारतम्, Mahabharata) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯢꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯲ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯢꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯢꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯏꯄꯤꯛ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯥꯄꯨꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯑꯣ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯅꯤ, ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯧꯔꯕꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯃꯉꯥꯅꯤ: ꯌꯨꯙꯤꯁ꯭ꯊꯤꯔ, ꯚꯤꯝ, ꯑꯔꯖꯨꯟ, ꯅꯀꯨꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯍꯥꯗꯦꯕ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯂꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀꯧꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯑꯣ ꯱꯰꯰ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯚꯨꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯨꯔꯌꯣꯙꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯥꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯍꯥꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯧꯔꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯃꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯕꯥ, ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯁ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯙꯤꯁ꯭ꯊꯤꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯳ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯈꯤ, ꯎꯃꯪꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯔꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯂꯤꯖꯦꯟꯁ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯨꯛꯁꯦꯠꯔ ꯋꯥꯔꯅꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯱꯸ꯅꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯔꯣ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯚ, ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯖꯨꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯊ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯅꯅꯥ ꯚꯒꯕꯠ ꯒꯤꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯊꯧꯅꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯞ-ꯃꯄꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡ-ꯃꯅꯨꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯆꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯏꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ, ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯄꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯃꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ, ꯍꯤꯡꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯖ꯭ꯅꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯤꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯤꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫^[꯱]^[꯲]^[꯳]

ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ

ꯃꯍꯥꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ

ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

↑ Badrinath, Chaturvedi. The Mahābhārata: An Inquiry in the Human Condition, New Delhi, Orient Longman (2006).
↑ Basham, A. L. (1954). The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent Before The Coming of the Muslims. New York: Grove Press.
↑ Buitenen, Johannes Adrianus Bernardus (1978). The Mahābhārata. 3 volumes (translation / publication incomplete due to his death). University of Chicago Press.

[1] Badrinath, Chaturvedi. The Mahābhārata: An Inquiry in the Human Condition, New Delhi, Orient Longman (2006).

[2] Basham, A. L. (1954). The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent Before The Coming of the Muslims. New York: Grove Press.

[3] Buitenen, Johannes Adrianus Bernardus (1978). The Mahābhārata. 3 volumes (translation / publication incomplete due to his death). University of Chicago Press.

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