ꯃꯨꯠ

ꯃꯨꯠ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯖꯤꯞ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯨꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ “ꯃꯥ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯂꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ “ꯗꯕꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯟ” ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯤꯝꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯍꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯨꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯕꯦꯁ ꯁꯍꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯨꯠ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯒꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯨꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯕꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯟ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯈꯣꯟꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯨꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯄꯨ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯨꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯕꯥꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯦꯗ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯟ, ꯃꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯟꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯕꯁꯇꯥ ꯙꯔꯝꯃ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯚꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯛꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯃꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯄꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯨꯠꯁꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯈꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯚꯂꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯨꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯨꯜ, ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯚꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯛ, ꯅꯥꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯐꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ꯫ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯃꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯨꯠꯄꯨ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯨꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯨꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ꯫ ꯃꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯁꯤꯡ, ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯖꯤꯞꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫^[꯱]^[꯲]^[꯳]^[꯴]^[꯵]

ꯃꯇꯦꯡ

↑ Wilkinson, R. H. (2003). The complete gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson.
↑ Pinch, G. (2002). Egyptian mythology: A guide to the gods, goddesses, and traditions of ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press.
↑ Faulkner, R. O. (Trans.). (1994). The Egyptian book of the dead: The book of going forth by day (Revised ed.). Chronicle Books.
↑ Assmann, J. (2001). The search for God in ancient Egypt (D. Lorton, Trans.). Cornell University Press.
↑ Hornung, E. (1982). Conceptions of God in ancient Egypt: The one and the many (J. Baines, Trans.). Cornell University Press.

[1] Wilkinson, R. H. (2003). The complete gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson.

[2] Pinch, G. (2002). Egyptian mythology: A guide to the gods, goddesses, and traditions of ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press.

[3] Faulkner, R. O. (Trans.). (1994). The Egyptian book of the dead: The book of going forth by day (Revised ed.). Chronicle Books.

[4] Assmann, J. (2001). The search for God in ancient Egypt (D. Lorton, Trans.). Cornell University Press.

[5] Hornung, E. (1982). Conceptions of God in ancient Egypt: The one and the many (J. Baines, Trans.). Cornell University Press.

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