ꯌꯃ (ꯕꯧꯙ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡ)

ꯌꯃ (ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯌꯥꯟ, ꯌꯥꯟꯂꯨꯑꯣ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯧꯙ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯇ ꯄꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙꯤꯖꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯎꯠꯄꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯐꯜ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯒꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯁꯤꯡꯍꯥꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ, ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯔꯣꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯏꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯩ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯎꯠꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯌꯥꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙꯒꯤ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ, ꯄꯔꯁꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯜꯂꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯕꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯄꯥ-ꯏꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯕꯨ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯐꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯧꯅꯤꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯀꯜꯄꯆꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯉꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯚꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯃꯆꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ꯫^[꯱]^[꯲]^[꯳]

ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ

ꯀꯥꯂꯤ

ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

↑ Hodous, Lewis; Soothill, William Edward (2004). A dictionary of Chinese Buddhist terms: with Sanskrit and English equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali index. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-203-64186-8. OCLC 275253538.
↑ Barbara Lipton, Nima Dorjee Ragnubs (1996). Treasures of Tibetan Art: Collections of the Jacques Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art. Jacques Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art. p. 169. ISBN 9780195097139.
↑ Pratapaditya Pal (1983). Art of Tibet: A Catalogue of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Collection. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520051409.

[1] Hodous, Lewis; Soothill, William Edward (2004). A dictionary of Chinese Buddhist terms: with Sanskrit and English equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali index. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-203-64186-8. OCLC 275253538.

[2] Barbara Lipton, Nima Dorjee Ragnubs (1996). Treasures of Tibetan Art: Collections of the Jacques Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art. Jacques Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art. p. 169. ISBN 9780195097139.

[3] Pratapaditya Pal (1983). Art of Tibet: A Catalogue of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Collection. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520051409.

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