ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗ

ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ, ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ “ꯎꯄꯥꯅꯤꯁꯗ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ “ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯐꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯲꯵꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯣ, ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯠꯃꯥꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯠꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯝ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ, ꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯠꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯃꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗꯇꯥ ꯙ꯭ꯌꯥꯟ, ꯃꯁꯥ-ꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯣꯝ ꯂꯦꯄꯆꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖ꯭ꯅꯥꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ-ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯖꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯖꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ “ꯑꯩ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯣ?” ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ “ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?” ꯑꯣꯖꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯆꯨꯌꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯩꯟ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ, ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯃꯇꯥꯛ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯥ-ꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯣꯝ ꯂꯦꯄꯆꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ, ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯡꯆꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯈꯉꯖꯕꯥ, ꯊꯋꯥꯏꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯗꯥꯟꯇ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯖ꯭ꯅꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗꯇꯒꯤ ꯇꯃꯖꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ, ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯉꯆꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯎꯄꯅꯤꯁꯗꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫^[꯱]^[꯲]^[꯳]

ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ

ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯒ

ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯔꯛꯐꯝ

↑ A Bhattacharya (2006), Hindu Dharma: Introduction to Scriptures and Theology, ISBN 978-0595384556, pp. 8–14; George M. Williams (2003), Handbook of Hindu Mythology, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195332612, p. 285
↑ Jan Gonda (1975), Vedic Literature: (Saṃhitās and Brāhmaṇas), Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3447016032
↑ Stephen Phillips (2009), Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0231144858, pp. 25-29 and Chapter 1.

[1] A Bhattacharya (2006), Hindu Dharma: Introduction to Scriptures and Theology, ISBN 978-0595384556, pp. 8–14; George M. Williams (2003), Handbook of Hindu Mythology, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195332612, p. 285

[2] Jan Gonda (1975), Vedic Literature: (Saṃhitās and Brāhmaṇas), Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3447016032

[3] Stephen Phillips (2009), Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0231144858, pp. 25-29 and Chapter 1.

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