ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊ

ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯁꯤꯚꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯚꯒꯕꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ, ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯖꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯕꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯒꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯜ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯏꯖꯟ ꯊꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯏꯐꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯕꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯒꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯦꯌꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯀꯩꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯥ-ꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯅꯕꯤ ꯅꯟꯗꯤꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯘꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯗꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯒꯉ꯭ꯒꯥ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊꯄꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯒꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯕ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ, ꯐꯨꯜ, ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯥꯔꯥꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯩ꯫ ꯄꯣꯏꯖꯟ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯅꯤꯜ (ꯅꯤꯂꯥ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊꯄꯨ ꯅꯤꯂꯀꯥꯟꯊ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯏꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ “ꯑꯣꯝ ꯅꯃꯍ ꯁꯤꯕꯥꯌ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯃꯟꯠꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯨ ꯁꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯌꯣꯒꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯖꯩ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯕꯨ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯥꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯚꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯔꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯕꯨ ꯊꯧꯖꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ; ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ, ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯣꯂꯦꯅꯥꯊꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯒꯜ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ, ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯛꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯃꯖꯩ꯫^[꯱]^[꯲]^[꯳]

ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ

↑ Freitag, S.B. (1992). Culture and Power in Banaras: Community, Performance, and Environment, 1800-1980. University of California Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780520080942.
↑ Madhya Pradesh (India). Directorate of Archaeology & Museums (1989). Puratan. Department of Archaeology and Museums, Madhya Pradesh. ISSN 0970-8227.
↑ Doniger, Wendy (1993-01-01). Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts. SUNY Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-7914-1381-4.

[1] Freitag, S.B. (1992). Culture and Power in Banaras: Community, Performance, and Environment, 1800-1980. University of California Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780520080942.

[2] Madhya Pradesh (India). Directorate of Archaeology & Museums (1989). Puratan. Department of Archaeology and Museums, Madhya Pradesh. ISSN 0970-8227.

[3] Doniger, Wendy (1993-01-01). Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts. SUNY Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-7914-1381-4.

[꯱]

[꯲]

[꯳]