ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ ꯏꯕꯟ ꯑꯂꯤ
ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ ꯏꯕꯟ ꯑꯂꯤ ꯏꯕꯟ ꯑꯕꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯤꯕ ( ꯱꯰ ꯖꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯶꯲꯶ – ꯱꯰ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯶꯸꯰) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯅꯕꯤ ꯃꯨꯍꯝꯃꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯂꯤ ꯏꯕꯟ ꯑꯥꯕꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯨꯍꯝꯃꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯐꯥꯇꯤꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯟ ꯏꯕꯟ ꯑꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ [꯱] ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯂꯤ ꯏꯕꯟ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ ꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯜ-ꯑꯕꯤꯗꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯏꯃꯥꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯍꯜ-ꯕꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯜ ꯀꯤꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯨꯕꯥꯍꯥꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯨꯍꯝꯃꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯟꯕꯨ ꯖꯟꯅꯠꯀꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯑꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯂꯤꯐꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯂꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯊꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯁꯥꯟ–ꯃꯨ’ꯑꯚꯤꯌꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯀꯈꯉꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯉꯥꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯫ AH 41 (660 CE) ꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯅꯅꯥ ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌ ꯁꯚꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ AH 49 (669 CE) ꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯤꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯨꯑꯋꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯠ꯭ꯇꯔꯒ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯥꯖꯅꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ [꯲] ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯟ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯂꯥꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ, ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯗ ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯟꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯨꯑꯋꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ [꯲] ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯨꯑꯋꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯖꯤꯗꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯁꯥꯟ–ꯃꯨꯑꯋꯤꯌꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯫ ꯶꯸꯰ꯗꯥ ꯃꯨꯑꯋꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯖꯤꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯖꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯃꯗꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯛꯀꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯂꯈꯤ, AH 60 (679 CE) ꯗꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯐꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯆꯤꯊꯤ ꯊꯥꯔꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯀꯨꯐꯥꯗꯥ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯥꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯖꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯷꯲ ꯔꯣꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯐꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯥꯚꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯐꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯂꯤꯐꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯱꯰꯰꯰ ꯔꯣꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯲ꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯕꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯊꯠꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯴,꯰꯰꯰ ꯅꯠ꯭ꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯳꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯔꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯝꯌꯥꯗ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯎꯃꯌꯥꯗꯀꯤ ꯒꯕꯔꯅꯔ ꯎꯕꯌꯗ ꯑꯜꯂꯥ ꯏꯕꯟ ꯖꯤꯌꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯱꯰ꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ-ꯃꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯁꯨꯝꯁꯪꯗ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯠꯅꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯪ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ; ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯋꯥꯕꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯨꯈꯇꯔ ꯑꯜ-ꯊꯀꯥꯐꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
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- ↑ ꯲.꯰ ꯲.꯱ (2002) The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam; Chapter 6. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195793871.