ꯚꯦꯗꯥ
ꯚꯦꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯚꯦꯗ (ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ: Veda) ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯅꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ “ꯕꯦꯗ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯤ “ꯖ꯭ꯅꯥꯟ” ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ “ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁ, ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯗ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ: ꯔ꯭ꯏꯒꯕꯦꯗ, ꯌꯥꯖꯨꯔꯕꯦꯗ, ꯁꯥꯃꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯊꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯜ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯊꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯔ꯭ꯏꯒꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯌꯖꯨꯔꯕꯦꯗꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯄꯥꯉꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯕꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯃꯕꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯩꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯀꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯕꯨ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯊꯔꯕꯕꯦꯗꯇꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯣꯜ, ꯆꯤꯡꯖꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯌꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯆꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯖꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯇꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯆꯨꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯀꯆꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯨ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥ, ꯁꯥ-ꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁꯃꯥꯖꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯤꯌꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ, ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ, ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯣꯍꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯆꯨꯌꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯈꯉꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗ ꯇꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ, ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤꯁꯨ ꯇꯃꯖꯩ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯇꯇꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯗꯇꯒꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯖ꯭ꯅꯥꯟ ꯊꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯕꯔꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫[꯱][꯲][꯳]
ꯃꯈꯜ ꯴
[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]ꯁꯤꯁꯨ
[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]- ↑ Sanujit Ghose (2011). "Religious Developments in Ancient India" in World History Encyclopedia.
- ↑ A Bhattacharya (2006), Hindu Dharma: Introduction to Scriptures and Theology, ISBN 978-0-595-38455-6, pp. 8–14; George M. Williams (2003), Handbook of Hindu Mythology, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2, p. 285
- ↑ Jan Gonda (1975), Vedic Literature: (Saṃhitās and Brāhmaṇas), Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3-447-01603-2